This policy brief examines the challenges posed by rare earth minerals extraction in north-eastern Burma, focusing on the environmental and social impacts in the Kachin region. It outlines the rise of illegal mining sites under the control of ethnic armed organizations, leading to serious social and environmental crises in the region. The brief provides recommendations for stakeholders such as China and the Kachin Independence Organization, including diversifying supply chains, enhancing public participation, and implementing regulatory measures. By addressing these issues, the brief aims to mitigate the adverse effects of rare earth extraction and promote sustainable development in the region.All the data used in this policy brief is based only on secondary sources obtained from various open online sources.